We propose excessive fructose metabolism not only explains obesity but the epidemics of diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity-associated cancers, vascular and Alzheimer's dementia, and even ageing. Moreover, the hypothesis unites current...
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the 3 attractive tastes (sweet, salty, savoury) all encourage intake of foods that generate fructose
Fructose can be obtained and/or generated from the diet (sugar, HFCS, high glycaemic carbs, salty foods, umami foods, alcohol) as well as under conditions of stress (ischaemia, hypoxia and dehydration). Indeed, the three attractive tastes (sweet, salt, umami) all...
Using liposomes has been shown to enhance the bioavailability of Luteolin, reaching therapeutic levels.
Liposome delivery of luteolin improved solubility, bioavailability and may have potential applications in chemoprevention in clinical settings. Wu G, Li J, Yue J, Zhang S, Yunusi K. Liposome encapsulated luteolin showed enhanced antitumor efficacy to colorectal...
Luteolin, a plant-based flavone, blocks fructose cellular entry
Andres-Hernando, A., Li, N., Cicerchi, C. et al. Protective role of fructokinase blockade in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury in mice. Nat Commun 8, 14181 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14181
Fructose Sugar puts our cells into low power mode, a key driver of obesity and all metabolic conditions
Nakagawa T, Hu H, Zharikov S, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Glushakova O, Ouyang X, Feig DI, Block ER, Herrera-Acosta J, Patel JM, Johnson RJ. "A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2006...
Luteolin blocks the enzyme enabling Fructose metabolism
"Luteolin is a potent fructokinase inhibitor." Andres-Hernando, A., Li, N., Cicerchi, C. et al. Protective role of fructokinase blockade in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury in mice. Nat Commun 8, 14181 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14181
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Luteolin blocks Fructose
Luteolin was recently found to block the enzyme fructokinase, which is the enzyme that enables fructose to enter the cell. By inhibiting it, fructose — whether dietary or synthesized — is unable to enter the cell and cause it stress. This effectively halts ongoing...
synthesize Fructose
Yes, our tissues know how to MAKE fructose in certain conditions throughout the body, even in the brain. This discovery only occurred recently, but explains the difficulty we have had in finding the true culprit for weight gain. Turns out that all our suspicions about...
root cause of metabolic decline
The past 150 years has seen a global decline in health which has been labeled as metabolic syndrome. Symptoms range from lack of energy, brain fog, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, fatty liver, cancer, Alzhiemers Disease and much more. Recent science is...
fructokinase
Fructokinase is an enzyme that converts fructose into fructose-1-phosphate, facilitating its entry into cells. Luteolin can inhibit this enzyme, effectively blocking fructose from entering cells.
Luteolin in a special capsule called a liposome makes it much easier for your body to use
Wu G, Li J, Yue J, Zhang S, Yunusi K. Liposome encapsulated luteolin showed enhanced antitumor efficacy to colorectal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep. 2018 Feb;17(2):2456-2464. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8185. Epub 2017 Nov 29. PMID: 29207088; PMCID: PMC5783491.
Fructose may be the root cause of metabolic ailments
"Diets high in fructose can rapidly produce all of the key features of the metabolic syndrome." Hannou SA, Haslam DE, McKeown NM, Herman MA. Fructose metabolism and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2018 Feb 1;128(2):545-555. doi: 10.1172/JCI96702. Epub 2019 Feb 1....
The data reviewed strongly support luteolins promising benefits in pain management
Ntalouka F, Tsirivakou A. Luteolin: A promising natural agent in management of pain in chronic conditions. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 1;4:1114428. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1114428. PMID: 36937566; PMCID: PMC10016360.
Flavonoids ameliorate the core symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits, repetitive behavior, learning and memory impairments, and motor coordination
Savino, R.; Medoro, A.; Ali, S.; Scapagnini, G.; Maes, M.; Davinelli, S. The Emerging Role of Flavonoids in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12103520
protect against the development of Alzheimers-like disease
Daily JW, Kang S, Park S. Protection against Alzheimer's disease by luteolin: Role of brain glucose regulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and the gut microbiota-liver-brain axis. Biofactors. 2021 Mar;47(2):218-231. doi: 10.1002/biof.1703. Epub 2020 Dec 21. PMID:...
Luteolin alleviates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Kou, Jj., Shi, Jz., He, Yy. et al. Luteolin alleviates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent neuroinflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 43, 840–849 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-021-00702-8
The anticancer property of Luteolin has been extensively researched in many cancer types
Çetinkaya M, Baran Y. Therapeutic Potential of Luteolin on Cancer. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 27;11(3):554. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030554. PMID: 36992138; PMCID: PMC10057337.
Luteolin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Xia Liu, Runzhou Sun, Zhaozhen Li, Ruixin Xiao, Pengfei Lv, Xiangrong Sun, Mark A. Olson, Yanling Gong, Luteolin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via restoration of intestinal mucosal barrier damage and microbiota imbalance involving in gut-liver...
Luteolin exerts cardioprotective effects
Pan Q, Liu Y, Ma W, Kan R, Zhu H and Li D (2022) Cardioprotective Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Luteolin for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Evidence. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9:685998. doi:...
Luteolin attenuates angiotensin II‑induced renal damage
Liu, Y., Yang, Q., Li, S., Luo, L., Liu, H., Li, X., & Gao, Z. (2021). Luteolin attenuates angiotensin II‑induced renal damage in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 157. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11796
Luteolin may be a key, newfound remedy for elevated blood pressure.
Gao HL, Yu XJ, Feng YQ, Yang Y, Hu HB, Zhao YY, Zhang JH, Liu KL, Zhang Y, Fu LY, Li Y, Qi J, Qiao JA, Kang YM. Luteolin Attenuates Hypertension via Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus...
Luteolin, a common flavonoid in our daily diet, has potent anti-diabetic effects
Zhang, W., Li, D., Shan, Y. et al. Luteolin intake is negatively associated with all-cause and cardiac mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 15, 59 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-023-01026-9
luteolin ameliorates diet-induced obesity and its comorbidities
Kwon EY, Choi MS. Luteolin Targets the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Prevention of Hepatic and Adipocyte Fibrosis and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients. 2018 Oct 3;10(10):1415. doi: 10.3390/nu10101415. PMID: 30282902; PMCID: PMC6213163.
These findings indicate that luteolin has antidepressant-like effects
Ishisaka M, Kakefuda K, Yamauchi M, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Tsuruta A, Hara H. Luteolin shows an antidepressant-like effect via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(9):1481-6. doi: 10.1248/bpb.34.1481. PMID: 21881237.
These results suggest luteolin as a possible natural anxiolytic molecule without sedative effects, thus reinforcing its therapeutic potential for the comorbidities involving peripheral inflammation, pain, mood and anxiety-related disorders
Gadotti, V.M., Zamponi, G.W. Anxiolytic effects of the flavonoid luteolin in a mouse model of acute colitis. Mol Brain 12, 114 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-019-0539-z
lead[s] to increased testosterone production
Martin LJ, Touaibia M. Improvement of Testicular Steroidogenesis Using Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids for Prevention of Late-Onset Male Hypogonadism. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Mar 13;9(3):237. doi: 10.3390/antiox9030237. PMID: 32183155; PMCID: PMC7139932.
Luteolin possesses potent estrogen agonist activity
Nordeen SK, Bona BJ, Jones DN, Lambert JR, Jackson TA. Endocrine disrupting activities of the flavonoid nutraceuticals luteolin and quercetin. Horm Cancer. 2013 Oct;4(5):293-300. doi: 10.1007/s12672-013-0150-1. Epub 2013 Jul 9. PMID: 23836117; PMCID: PMC3851288.
Luteolin alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome
Huang Y, Zhang X. Luteolin alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome in rats by resolving insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jun 1;320(6):E1085-E1092. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00034.2021. Epub 2021 Apr 26. PMID: 33900851.
Luteolin reduces both physical and mental effects of chronic fatigue
Duan FF, Guo Y, Li JW, Yuan K. Antifatigue Effect of Luteolin-6-C-Neohesperidoside on Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Forced Swimming of Rats through Modulation of Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:3159358. doi: 10.1155/2017/3159358. Epub...
Luteolin blocks the metabolism of Fructose Sugar
"we have observed that luteolin is a potent fructokinase inhibitor in vitro (IC50: 11.2 μM) and in human proximal tubular cells that express fructokinase" "we observed that luteolin induced a significant elevation in urinary fructose levels" Andres-Hernando, A., Li,...
Exciting studies have highlighted the potential of Luteolin, a natural compound, in countering the impact of the fructose pathway on cancer growth
Çetinkaya M, Baran Y. Therapeutic Potential of Luteolin on Cancer. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 27;11(3):554. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030554. PMID: 36992138; PMCID: PMC10057337.
studies published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition have brought forth compelling evidence connecting fructose metabolism to the development of this debilitating disease
Johnson RJ, Tolan DR, Bredesen D, Nagel M, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Fini M, Burtis S, Lanaspa MA, Perlmutter D. Could Alzheimer’s disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism? Am J Clin Nutr. 2023...
FRUCTOSE is a type of sugar commonly found in fruit, honey, table sugar, and high fructose corn syrup
LEARN MORE: Understanding Fructose Sources: Unveiling the Hidden Culprits in Your Diet
treating fructose metabolism may lower the risk
LEARN MORE: Unraveling the Link Between Fructose Metabolism and Alzheimer’s Disease
enables animals to rapidly gain weight
LEARN MORE: Fructose Stories in Nature
human clinical trials
Effects of Natural Supplement Containing Chlorogenic Acid and Luteolin on Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03444558
EGCG, found in green tea extract, can help restore the function of MITOCHONDRIA
Lee MS, Shin Y, Jung S, Kim Y. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in brown adipose tissues of diet-induced obese mice. Food Nutr Res. 2017 May 26;61(1):1325307. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1325307. PMID: 28659734; PMCID:...
VITAMIN C, a powerful antioxidant, can relieve cellular OXIDATIVE STRESS.
Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 3;9(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211. PMID: 29099763; PMCID: PMC5707683.
TART CHERRY EXTRACT can reduce URIC ACID levels
Martin KR, Coles KM. Consumption of 100% Tart Cherry Juice Reduces Serum Urate in Overweight and Obese Adults. Curr Dev Nutr. 2019 Feb 25;3(5):nzz011. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzz011. PMID: 31037275; PMCID: PMC6483050.
WATER intake can maintain HYDRATION levels, preventing the synthesis of fructose in the body.
Johnson RJ, García-Arroyo FE, Gonzaga-Sánchez G, Vélez-Orozco KA, Álvarez-Álvarez YQ, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Tapia E, Osorio-Alonso H, Andrés-Hernando A, Nakagawa T, Kuwabara M, Kanbay M, Lanaspa MA, Sánchez-Lozada LG. Current Hydration Habits: The Disregarded Factor for...
WHITE KIDNEY BEAN extract can reduce the glycemic load of dietary GLUCOSE
Udani, J.K., Singh, B.B., Barrett, M.L. et al. Lowering the glycemic index of white bread using a white bean extract. Nutr J 8, 52 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-8-52
LUTEOLIN has recently been found to inhibit FRUCTOSE metabolism
Andres-Hernando, A., Li, N., Cicerchi, C. et al. Protective role of fructokinase blockade in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury in mice. Nat Commun 8, 14181 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14181
foods high in uric acid activates the fructose pathway, without requiring fructose
Andres-Hernando A, Cicerchi C, Kuwabara M, Orlicky DJ, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA. Umami-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome is mediated by nucleotide degradation and uric acid generation. Nat Metab. 2021 Sep;3(9):1189-1201. doi:...
DEHYDRATION also serves as a critical trigger for fructose production in our bodies
Song 宋志林 Z, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Lanaspa-Garcia MA, Oppelt SA, Kuwabara M, Jensen T, Milagres T, Andres-Hernando A, Ishimoto T, Garcia GE, Johnson G, MacLean PS, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tolan DR, Johnson RJ. Role of fructose and fructokinase in acute dehydration-induced...
amount and speed of carbohydrate intake are crucial factors
Kanbay M, Guler B, Ertuglu LA, Dagel T, Afsar B, Incir S, Baygul A, Covic A, Andres-Hernando A, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. The Speed of Ingestion of a Sugary Beverage Has an Effect on the Acute Metabolic Response to Fructose. Nutrients. 2021 Jun...
our bodies also produce fructose when we consume large amounts of GLUCOSE
Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Perspective: A Historical and Scientific Perspective of Sugar and Its Relation with Obesity and Diabetes. Adv Nutr. 2017 May 15;8(3):412-422. doi: 10.3945/an.116.014654. PMID: 28507007; PMCID: PMC5421126.
managing fructose metabolism may help to lower the risk of cancer development
Nakagawa T, Lanaspa MA, Millan IS, Fini M, Rivard CJ, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Andres-Hernando A, Tolan DR, Johnson RJ. Fructose contributes to the Warburg effect for cancer growth. Cancer Metab. 2020 Jul 10;8:16. doi: 10.1186/s40170-020-00222-9. PMID: 32670573; PMCID:...
There is new convincing evidence that fructose metabolism in the brain may be the cause
Johnson RJ, Tolan DR, Bredesen D, Nagel M, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Fini M, Burtis S, Lanaspa MA, Perlmutter D. Could Alzheimer's disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism? Am J Clin Nutr. 2023...
It then causes the creation of URIC ACID
Cirillo P, Gersch MS, Mu W, Scherer PM, Kim KM, Gesualdo L, Henderson GN, Johnson RJ, Sautin YY. Ketohexokinase-dependent metabolism of fructose induces proinflammatory mediators in proximal tubular cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;20(3):545-53. doi:...
This pattern includes loss of appetite control, increased hunger and cravings, foraging behavior, and loss of impulse control. These behaviors lead to caloric overload and obesity.
Johnson RJ, Wilson WL, Bland ST, Lanaspa MA. Fructose and Uric Acid as Drivers of a Hyperactive Foraging Response: A Clue to Behavioral Disorders Associated with Impulsivity or Mania? Evol Hum Behav. 2021 May;42(3):194-203. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.09.006....
a morbidly obese patient successfully fasted for an astonishing 382 days under medical supervision.
Stewart WK, Fleming LW. Features of a successful therapeutic fast of 382 days' duration. Postgrad Med J. 1973 Mar;49(569):203-9. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.49.569.203. PMID: 4803438; PMCID: PMC2495396.
Bears provide a remarkable example of this phenomenon as they utilize the fructose in sweet fruits to gain weight quickly, enabling them to survive months of hibernation without food or water
Stenvinkel P, Fröbert O, Anderstam B, Palm F, Eriksson M, Bragfors-Helin AC, Qureshi AR, Larsson T, Friebe A, Zedrosser A, Josefsson J, Svensson M, Sahdo B, Bankir L, Johnson RJ. Metabolic changes in summer active and anuric hibernating free-ranging brown bears (Ursus...
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